Berurijjá

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Berurijjá (hebr. בְּרוּרִיָּה) er ei av fleire kvinnor som blir omtala som lærde i Talmúd. Ho var kona til tanná rebbí Meír og dotter ått rebbí Ḥananjá ben Teradijjón, som er ein av «dei ti martyrane». Ho blir beundra för den breide kunnskapen sin om emne innaför både halakhá og aggadá og blir sagt å ha lært rabbinarane 300 halakhót på ein einaste overskya dag (Massékhet Pesaḥím 62b). Föreldra hennar vart drepne av romarane för å ha undervist i Torá, men ho førte arven deras vidare.

Berurijjá var svært involvert i dei halakhiske diskusjonane på si tid, og ho gikk endatil mot synet til far sin i ei sak i samband med rituell reinheit (Toseftá Kelím Babá kammá 4:9). Kommentarane hennar der er prisa av rebbí Jehudá ben Babá. I eit anna fall prisar rebbí Jehosjúang kossen ho gikk mellom i ein debatt mellom rebbí Tarfón og dei lærde, og han seier “Berurijjá har sagt rett”. (Toseftá Kelím Babá Meṣingá 1:3).

Ho var òg kjent för ei ganske så skarp — og sarkastisk — tunge til tider. I Massékhet Ngerubín (53b) er det förtelt kossen ho irettesette rebbí José da han spurde ho: «Kva veg til Lod?» Ho hevda at han kunne sagt det samma med berre to ord — «K’er Lod?» og dermed halde seg enda nærmare den talmudiske tilrådinga om ikkje å tala til kvinnor i otrengsmål.

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In the Midrash on Psalms 118 it states that Bruriah taught her husband, Rabbi Meir, to pray for the repentance of the wicked, rather than for their destruction. According to the story, she once found Rabbi Meir praying that an annoying neighbor would die. Appalled by this, she responded to him by explaining the verse "Let the sinners be consumed from the earth, and the wicked shall be no more" (Mal:Bibleverse), that the verse actually states: "Let sin be consumed from the earth," adding that "the wicked shall be no more" because they have repented.

She is also described as having enormous inner strength. The Midrash on the Book of Proverbs tells that her two sons died suddenly on the Sabbath, but she hid the fact from her husband until she could tell him in a way that would comfort him. In response, Rabbi Meir quoted the verse, "A woman of valour, who can find?" (Mal:Bibleverse).

In the Talmudic commentaries (e.g. Rashi on Tractate Avodah Zarah, 18b), a story explains how she died. According to the story, she mocked a Talmudic assertion that women were lightheaded. In order to prove her wrong, Rabbi Meir sent one of his students to seduce her. He succeeded, and Bruriah committed suicide (by strangling, according to Rashi) out of shame. Rabbi Meir, who never expected things to spiral out of control in this way, imposed exile on himself and left Palestine for Babylonia.

But Rabenu Nisim brings on a different explanation that is closer to the text. According to him, Rabbi Meir and Bruriah had to flee to Babylonia after the Romans executed her father, sold her mother to slavery and her sister to a brothel (to be rescued by Rabbi Meir) and were looking for her.


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