David Nieto
David Nieto (1654–1728) var ḥakhám for det portugisarjødiske samfunnet i London.
David Nieto vart fødd i Venezia i 1654. Han begynte yrkeskarrieren som dokter og som jødisk prekar i Livorno i Italia. Der skreiv han verket Paschologia (på italiensk; utg. Köln 1702), der han tok for seg olikheitene i kalenderutrekninga i de greske, romerske og jødiske trussamfunna og viste feilane som hadde sneke seg inn i den kristne kalenderen frå det første nikenarkonsiliet til 1692.
I 1702 tok Nieto over for Solomon Ayllon som åndelig ledar for det portugisarjødiske samfunnet i London. To år etter at han hadde flytta dit, gav han ut den teologiske avhandlinga si, Della Divina Providencia, ó sea Naturalezza Universal, ó Natura Naturante (London, 1704). Detta verket førte til mykje motstand mot honom, og motstandarane hans bruka detta verket som grunnlag for å skylde han offentlig for «spinozisme», som på den tida vart rekna mykjegodt som ateisme. Tzvi Ashkenazi vart innkalla som meklar, og han avgjorde at Nieto ikkje var skyldig.[1] David Nieto dødde i London den 10. januar 1728.
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Nieto was a powerful controversialist. In his Matteh Dan, or Kuzari Heleq Sheni (London, 1714), written in Hebrew and Spanish on the model of the Kuzari of Judah ha-Levi, he defended the Oral Torah against the Karaites, and showed that the contradictions of the Talmud lay not in essentials but in externals. (“Karaites” here does not refer to the historic Jewish sect of that name, of whom there were none in Western Europe, but to Jewish dissidents such as Uriel Acosta who cast doubt on the Oral Torah.) He waged war untiringly on the supporters of the Shabbethaian heresies, which he regarded as dangerous to the best interests of Judaism, and in this connection wrote his Esh Dat (London, 1715) against Hayyun (who supported Shabbetai Zevi).
Nieto was one of the most accomplished Jews of his time and was equally distinguished as philosopher, physician, poet, mathematician, astronomer, and theologian. A prolific writer, his intercourse with Christian scholars was extensive, especially with Ungar, the bibliographer. Nieto was the first to fix the time for the beginning of Sabbath eve for the latitude of England.
Bibliografi
- Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl., col. 881
- Kayserling, Gesch. der Juden in Portugal, pp. 325–326
- Jewish World, Dec. 19, 1879
- Wolf, Bibliotheca Hebraica iii
- Cat. Anglo-Jew. Hist. Exh. 1887
- portrait in Jewish Chronicle, June 28, 1901
Fotnotar
- ↑ (Hakham Tzvi, Responsa, No. 18).
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